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Clinical manifestations, Diagnostic examination and Management of Hypertension

Clinical manifestations of Hypertension

Elevation of blood pressure is sometimes the only symptom. If so, new symptoms appear after complications in the kidneys, eyes, brain or heart. Other symptoms that are often found are headache, epitaksis, angry, buzzing ears, heaviness in the neck, difficulty sleeping, eyes dazed and dizzy.


Diagnostic examination of Hypertension
a. Hemoglobin / Hematocrit: Not diagnostic but examine the relationship of cells to the volume of fluid and can indicate risk factors such as hypercoagulability, anemia.
b. Glucose: Hyperglycemia (DM is the precipitating factors of hypertension) may be caused by increased levels of ketokolamin (increased hypertension).
c. Calcium serum: Increased levels of calcium may increase hypertension.
d. VMA urine (metabolites ketokolamin): The increase may indicate the presence of phaeochromocytoma (cause); 24-hour urinary VMA can be done to assess if hypertension intermittent phaeochromocytoma.
e. Uric acid: implications for hyperuricemia has been a risk factor for hypertension.
f. IVP: Can identify the causes of hypertension.
g. ECG: May show an enlarged heart, stretch pattern, conduction disturbances.

Management of Hypertension


The purpose of detection and treatment of hypertension is to lower the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality and morbidity related. The goal of therapy is to achieve and maintain a systolic pressure below 140 mmHg and diastolic below 90 mmHg and control risk factors. This can be achieved through lifestyle modifications alone or with anti-hypertensive drugs.
Lifestyle modification, the steps are recommended:
a. Weight loss,
b. Limiting alcohol,
c. Increase in aerobic physical activity (30-45 minutes / day),
d. Reduce intake of sodium (salt),
e. Stop smoking and reduce intake of fat and cholesterol in the diet.
f. Anti hipertens
Some diuretic medications
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